The Ergonomics Rule in Using Computer

The Desk and the chair

The effect of the unergonomics desk and chair will be make some fatigue to our body. The good table for computer is the table which have a foot rest and have some space room for foot. The height of table is about 55-75 centimers (depend on the user and the chair)

The tools of computer which must be watch during use the computer, they are :

            1.      Monitor

The bad monitor is when the layout of it have a shiny color, ex : red, yellow, orange, and it will be make some fatigue to our eyes. The eyes will be feel stiff, painful, red eyes, watery eyes until the can be make cataracts eye.

            2.      Keyboard

The ergonomic or un-ergonomics keyboard depend on the position where the keyboard placed. When use the keyboard, you may apply this suggest, they are :

a.         do not press the button with big power

b.         make sure your wrist in straight position, if your hand not on the straight position, it will be make some injury to your hands.

       3.  Mouse

The wrong in using mouse can be make some muscles injury. Don’t place your mouse too far with your hand, of course it is not ergonomic.

       4.  Printer

Printer for print a result of working can make some fatigue to the user. The user will feel disturb from the sound of printer. The high disturbing sound can make a painful to their nerve. It is good when you choose the printer without any disturbing sound.

       5.  The environment

The good environmental can support when you using the computer. The characteristic of good environmental are :

a.         Lighting

The lighting of working room also influence to eyes. The shiny light form another things which can make some light can make some painful to user’s eyes. It is good to you to choose a netral colour  (not too shiny and no too dark) for your wall (because a shiny colour for wall can make some injuries too).  

b.         The temperature and ventilation

The good temperature for user is suitable with the temperature for computer. The tools om computer, especially chip is more sensitive with high temperature. It is good when you use the computer in room which the temperature is not too high. The function of ventilation to change the bad air to good air. Make sure your room have a good ventilation and it will increase your comfort during using the computer.

c.         The disturbing sound

The disturbing sound can make some stress and make pressure to muscles’s user. Because of that, we must choose the room which the located is not too near with disturbing location (example : tv’s room) and it is good when you choose a very quite room.

d.         Work continous

Sit with a long time can make a injury to our back, necks, and shoulders. Therefor, you should take a rest for a while when you using a computer with a long time. You can read with stand before you back to sit again. This is can make your blood circulation more better and free the pressure on your back. Do some a little movement in your chair. This is can help to free the pressure at upper body, you can do with turned your head in to right side or left side. 

Good position in using computer

Source : http://id.shvoong.com/social-sciences/counseling/2119289-keselamatan-dan-kenyamanan-bekerja/#ixzz1iNExR8Mn

Increasing the performance of working with Ergonomics Rule.

 Ergonomics and Safety Work is two things which cannot be separated. Both of them have a same function is to increase the quality of working. If both of them can be applicated to our life or to person who   working, of course the worker will be have high motivation in working and it will be make more productive and more quality. Good or bad of working is depend on their ergonomics. If the ergonomics in one manufacture is bad, so it will be make many accident. In this case, we can take an argument that “without ergonomics, safety management is not enough”. So we must use an ergonomics rule in working for safety ourself. Actually, ergonomics not only have relation with design in chair and anthropometri of human. Because of that, Indonesian’s company feel that the ergonomics rule is not important to applicated on their company, consequently, there are so many unergonomics design in working. In this case, we can see from unadapted between the worker with the machine.

This condition show the characteristic of unergonomics working :

>.         The result of working is bad

>.         There are some accident in working

>.         The worker often make some mistake or human error

>.         The machine is not same with the characteristic of physically worker

>.         Workers complain of pain in the neck, shoulders, back, or waist

>.         Workers are too tired and need a long time for take a rest

>.         The working environment of irregular, noisy, airless, or dim

>.         Workers complained about the workload (physical and mental) is excessive

>.         Low participation of workers in the system or loss of brainstorming caring attitudetowards work  and even apathy

         With ergonomics, system of work in all line department are designed such notice variationship terms of workers capabilities and limitations (physical, psychological, and socio-technical) approach to human-centered design (HCD(. The concept of evaluation and design of ergonomics is to ensure that the workload demands must be below the average ability of workers (task demand < work capacity). With this design on the work system, we can increase the productivity, safety, healthy, and also convenient for the worker. Finally, an ergonomic system can be guarantee the safety, health, and comfort and will give a motivation for workers to increase theirs perform.

By understanding how important this aspect of ergonomics, every company should do an evaluation to know how far the suitability of the design of working with the worker. The elements of a working system that assessed include machinery and equipment, materials, methods of work, the physical environment (lighting, thermal, noise, etc), component layout and workspace and workplace. Evaluation of ergonomics is important. No matter what form the company, ranging from industrial manufacturing, service industries, or industrial processes.

source :   http://www.ergoinstitute.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=38

Ergonomics in Car

A.                Display and support Instrument

The power in seen in human is depend on external factors, they are.

1.         Contrast lightning

2.         Bright lightning

3.         Comparison of lightning

4.          A glare

            In the dashboard, there is a important instrument like speedometer, tachometer, odometer, trimpmeter, etc. It also placed the ventilation system and other ancillary equipment. design speedometer, tachometer, odometer, trimpmeter must be seen clearly by the person. The both of instrument (speedometer and tachometer) can be made digitally, but, it will be hard for people to watch it when the number is increase rapidly, so in design of them, the letter must bigger and the colour of that letter must be bright but not shiny. Beside that, the both of instrument can be made too with manually. Manually means used a needle guide with have a scalar between 0 until 200 for speedometer. When you drive your car, the needle will be move up and it show your velocity. The choosen for letter and for the number must be depend on with this rulem they are :

1.         Can be read easily
2.         The distance readings is 30 centimeters
3.         The light is not shiny

4.         The colour for the letter is not shiny

B.        Steering wheel

Steering wheel is a instrument for car which is not deleted in design for the car. The type

of steer is like a circle that have 2 fringles with angel 120 degree. In this case, the steering wheel is made with that rule so the driver can see the another instrument (gas, rem, kopling). Usually in steering wheel there is a horn and two lever (in right side and left side) which the function is to control a lamp, cleaning glass, turn lights, etc.

C.        Design for the Chair

The one important thing that support for comfortable for the human who used it, especially the chair is the size or the type that is same with the anthropometri of that human. So, with this, it will be make some comfortable.
The things that must be watched is
1.         The Height for seat back
2.         The deep and the width seat
3.         The Angle between seat back and cover seat
4.         The seat back for head
5.         The place for the seat

6.         The material

            In Design for chair, the  dimensions of distance work must be design too so that person who work or who on that location feel comfort with the chair and can do the work more effective and efficient. With the comfortable place, the driver can drive more comfortable and safe.

D.        The safety factors
The other thing that must very important is a thing that the function for keep the person or

human who used it so that the person will not displaced from his place. It can be called safety accessories. They are
1.      Seat belt
2.      The pillow for stand from the impact
3.      The seat back for head

E.        The Clutch

           Human have a power when their hand when make a elbow angel in 120-180 degree. In design for clutch on the car, we must consider that thing with another factors without make some changing in driver seat. If the position the driver is changing when move the clutch, it will be make some fatigue to his back and it will be make some accident. So, in design the clutch, the designer design the clutch very effienctly so the driver will not have some fatigue to his back.

There are another consider when placing the clutch, they are :

      1.      Easy to reach and determination of the place could do with location coding

      2.      Cultivated no form of the same. Due to the presence of the same shape will increase the reaction time for    the operation

                 From that description then the placement / position of the cluth 45 degree is on the left corner of the front sight with angle-elbow between 120 to 180 degrees. The maximum height as high as to the steering wheel and height of the lowest minimum is the SRL (reference Sheet Level).

E.        Hand brake

Hand brake is a instrument that controls must be easily to reach, so its placement must be

appropriate and in depends on  with the hands. The Factors that affect to the planning of the hand brake is the use of pressure against driver position, because the tensile force that works (at the time of sitting) can be changed according to the position of the hand toward the center of the seat. The best placement for the hand brake holder is in front of the driver's seat on the human waist height.

Source   :             http://www.rider-system.net/2009/08/ergonomi.html

The Application of Ergonomics Rule in Class Room

Ergonomics is a word that have 2 meanings that also have a meaning too. So ergonomics can be defined the rules in working. Generally, ergonomics defined as of science that studies about relation between the worker with the place which the worker work on it and also the tools which used for work.

Ergonomics is appear caused by accident that made from fatigue factor or the human factor and environmental factors that is not reck in a serious manner. The development ergonomics in some countries growing rapidly but in a particular country in its development very slow because depends on the social and cultural factors local.

On the learning process (in class room) involving the activity of read and write, if the class room or room for learning process is not comfortable for people who in it, it can make a bored, a muscle fatigue, a problem with eyes, etc, so it will make the result from learning process going badly.

For that, it need a application of ergonomics, they are :

1. The design of ergonomics in chair.

In order to comfortably seat used in class room, especially for study, so, the chair must be made with a same size with anthropometri of person who used that chair. The characteristic of chair which have a good ergonomics, are follows : 

a. The height from floor is about 38-54 centimeter.

b. Cushion should be slightly tilted backwards

c. Broad cushion should be adjusted to the size of the buttocks is about 40-45 cm and 38-42 cm

d. The backrest should be tilted slightly to the rear

 (This is the picture that show the good ergonomic on chair)

2. The ergonomics rule for design a desk.

If the desk is too high then the shoulder will more often raised at the time of writing or laying hands on the table and when it is too low then the posture would slouch at the time of writing. To solve this problem, we must choose the desk which can adapted with the person. Grandjean (1988) recommend that high of table for writing and reading in a sitting position is about 74-78 centimeters for males and about 70-74 centimeters for females.

                    (A ergonomics Desk)

3.The Ergonomics rule in the placement of the Board, OHP, Screen and the LCD display.

Blackboard, screen, OHP and LCD screen which is used as a learning tool, the placement of the Board should take into account the students who sat the front and rear, for it height of Board must be depend with the eyes of students in a sitting position.

Other requirements are:

a. the material is not shiny

b. bright colors

c. the maximum width is adjusted to the orientation of the eyes. 

4. the Ergonomics rule in set lighting.

The set of lighting is very important because it will help during doing the work and make comfortable situation and also can make our muscles of eye are not tired easily when we will see the objects. Bad setting in the class room (not comfortable, low light, the height of chair is not same with anthropometri person who use it, the distance from blackboard to student too close or too far, and the time which use to study is too long) it will make some uncomfortable and bored.


The function of ergonomics rules are :

1.      Increase the physically and mentally by deleting or erasing additional worked which can make some diseases caused work

2.      Increase the comfort during do some work

3.      Increasing social welfare to improve the quality of contacts with fellow workers, a better organizing and turn on the system of community in the workplace;

source : http://hasanahbloger.blogspot.com/2011/04/ergonomi-dalam-pembelajaran.html